在 Ubuntu Server 14.04 下安装 PostgreSQL 9.3.5 开源数据库
PostgreSQL 是一个自由开源对象-关系型数据库服务器 (数据库管理系统)，在 BSD 许可下发行。PostgreSQL 可免费使用、修改和分发，不管是私用、商用、还是学术研究用。PostgreSQL 提供了相对其他开源数据库系统 (譬如：MySQL 和 Firebird) 和专有数据库系统 (譬如：Oracle、Sybase、IBM 的 DB2 和 Microsoft SQL Server) 之外的另一种选择。
PostgreSQL 不寻常的名字导致一些读者停下来尝试拼读它，特别是那些把 SQL 拼读为 "sequel" 的人。PostgreSQL 开发者把它拼读为"post-gress-Q-L"。它也经常被简略念为 "postgres"。
PostgreSQL 是以 “加州大学伯克利分校” 计算机系开发的 POSTGRES (现更名为 PostgreSQL) 版本 4.2 为基础的对象关系型数据库管理系统 (ORDBMS)。PostgreSQL 支持大部分 SQL 标准且提供了许多其他现代特性，包括：复杂查询、外键、触发器、视图、事务完整性、MVCC。同样，PostgreSQL 可用许多方法扩展；譬如：通过增加新数据类型、函数、操作符、聚集函数、索引。
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01、以 apt-get 方式安装 PostgreSQL 9.3.5
- root:# apt-get install postgresql
- 正在读取软件包列表... 完成
- 正在分析软件包的依赖关系树
- 正在读取状态信息... 完成
- 将会安装下列额外的软件包：
- libpq5 postgresql-9.3 postgresql-client-9.3 postgresql-client-common
- postgresql-common ssl-cert
- 建议安装的软件包：
- oidentd ident-server locales-all postgresql-doc-9.3 openssl-blacklist
- 下列【新】软件包将被安装：
- libpq5 postgresql postgresql-9.3 postgresql-client-9.3
- postgresql-client-common postgresql-common ssl-cert
- 升级了 0 个软件包，新安装了 7 个软件包，要卸载 0 个软件包，有 0 个软件包未被升级。
- 需要下载 3,682 kB 的软件包。
- 解压缩后会消耗掉 15.5 MB 的额外空间。
- 您希望继续执行吗？ [Y/n] y
- 获取：1 [url]http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/[/url] trusty-updates/main libpq5 amd64 9.3.5-0ubuntu0.14.04.1 [80.6 kB]
- 获取：2 [url]http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/[/url] trusty/main postgresql-client-common all 154 [25.4 kB]
- 获取：3 [url]http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/[/url] trusty-updates/main postgresql-client-9.3 amd64 9.3.5-0ubuntu0.14.04.1 [782 kB]
- 获取：4 [url]http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/[/url] trusty/main ssl-cert all 1.0.33 [16.6 kB]
- 获取：5 [url]http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/[/url] trusty/main postgresql-common all 154 [103 kB]
- 获取：6 [url]http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/[/url] trusty-updates/main postgresql-9.3 amd64 9.3.5-0ubuntu0.14.04.1 [2,670 kB]
- 获取：7 [url]http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/[/url] trusty/main postgresql all 9.3+154 [5,088 B]
- 下载 3,682 kB，耗时 9秒 (402 kB/s)
- 正在预设定软件包 ...
- Selecting previously unselected package libpq5.
- (正在读取数据库 ... 系统当前共安装有 85656 个文件和目录。)
- Preparing to unpack .../libpq5_9.3.5-0ubuntu0.14.04.1_amd64.deb ...
- Unpacking libpq5 (9.3.5-0ubuntu0.14.04.1) ...
- Selecting previously unselected package postgresql-client-common.
- Preparing to unpack .../postgresql-client-common_154_all.deb ...
- Unpacking postgresql-client-common (154) ...
- Selecting previously unselected package postgresql-client-9.3.
- Preparing to unpack .../postgresql-client-9.3_9.3.5-0ubuntu0.14.04.1_amd64.deb ...
- Unpacking postgresql-client-9.3 (9.3.5-0ubuntu0.14.04.1) ...
- Selecting previously unselected package ssl-cert.
- Preparing to unpack .../ssl-cert_1.0.33_all.deb ...
- Unpacking ssl-cert (1.0.33) ...
- Selecting previously unselected package postgresql-common.
- Preparing to unpack .../postgresql-common_154_all.deb ...
- 正在添加 postgresql-common 导致 /usr/bin/pg_config 本地修改至 /usr/bin/pg_config.libpq-dev
- Unpacking postgresql-common (154) ...
- Selecting previously unselected package postgresql-9.3.
- Preparing to unpack .../postgresql-9.3_9.3.5-0ubuntu0.14.04.1_amd64.deb ...
- Unpacking postgresql-9.3 (9.3.5-0ubuntu0.14.04.1) ...
- Selecting previously unselected package postgresql.
- Preparing to unpack .../postgresql_9.3+154_all.deb ...
- Unpacking postgresql (9.3+154) ...
- Processing triggers for man-db (2.6.7.1-1ubuntu1) ...
- Processing triggers for ureadahead (0.100.0-16) ...
- ureadahead will be reprofiled on next reboot
- 正在设置 libpq5 (9.3.5-0ubuntu0.14.04.1) ...
- 正在设置 postgresql-client-common (154) ...
- 正在设置 postgresql-client-9.3 (9.3.5-0ubuntu0.14.04.1) ...
- update-alternatives: using /usr/share/postgresql/9.3/man/man1/psql.1.gz to provide /usr/share/man/man1/psql.1.gz (psql.1.gz) in 自动模式
- 正在设置 ssl-cert (1.0.33) ...
- 正在设置 postgresql-common (154) ...
- Adding user postgres to group ssl-cert
- Creating config file /etc/logrotate.d/postgresql-common with new version
- Building PostgreSQL dictionaries from installed myspell/hunspell packages...
- Removing obsolete dictionary files:
- * No PostgreSQL clusters exist; see "man pg_createcluster"
- Processing triggers for ureadahead (0.100.0-16) ...
- 正在设置 postgresql-9.3 (9.3.5-0ubuntu0.14.04.1) ...
- Creating new cluster 9.3/main ...
- config /etc/postgresql/9.3/main
- data /var/lib/postgresql/9.3/main
- locale zh_CN.UTF-8
- port 5432
- update-alternatives: using /usr/share/postgresql/9.3/man/man1/postmaster.1.gz to provide /usr/share/man/man1/postmaster.1.gz (postmaster.1.gz) in 自动模式
- * Starting PostgreSQL 9.3 database server [ OK ]
- 正在设置 postgresql (9.3+154) ...
- Processing triggers for libc-bin (2.19-0ubuntu6.5) ...
- root:#
02、设置 Ubuntu Server 14.04 系统 postgres 用户登陆口令
- root:# passwd postgres
- 输入新的 UNIX 密码：
- 重新输入新的 UNIX 密码：
- passwd: password updated successfully
- root:#
03、切换到 postgres 系统用户
- root:# su - postgres 或 sudo -i -u postgres
- postgres:~$
04、登录 postgres 数据库
- postgres:~$ psql postgres
- psql (9.3.5)
- Type "help" for help.
- postgres=# #postgres 命令提示符
05、将 postgres 数据库用户口令设为 postgres 或其它
- postgres=# ALTER USER postgres with PASSWORD 'postgres';
- ALTER ROLE
- postgres=# \q
- could not save history to file "/var/lib/postgresql/.psql_history": 没有那个文件或目录 #重新登录就可以了，由于第一次文件是不存在的
- postgres:~$
06、再次登陆 postgres 数据库，再将 postgres 数据库用户口令设为 postgres 或其它
- postgres:~$ psql postgres
- psql (9.3.5)
- Type "help" for help.
- postgres=# ALTER USER postgres with PASSWORD 'postgres';
- ALTER ROLE
- postgres=# \q
- postgres:~$
07、修改 PostgresSQL 数据库配置文件 postgresql.conf
- vi /etc/postgresql/9.3/main/postgresql.conf
修改前的配置文件
- # -----------------------------
- # PostgreSQL configuration file
- # -----------------------------
- #
- # This file consists of lines of the form:
- #
- # name = value
- #
- # (The "=" is optional.) Whitespace may be used. Comments are introduced with
- # "#" anywhere on a line. The complete list of parameter names and allowed
- # values can be found in the PostgreSQL documentation.
- #
- # The commented-out settings shown in this file represent the default values.
- # Re-commenting a setting is NOT sufficient to revert it to the default value;
- # you need to reload the server.
- #
- # This file is read on server startup and when the server receives a SIGHUP
- # signal. If you edit the file on a running system, you have to SIGHUP the
- # server for the changes to take effect, or use "pg_ctl reload". Some
- # parameters, which are marked below, require a server shutdown and restart to
- # take effect.
- #
- # Any parameter can also be given as a command-line option to the server, e.g.,
- # "postgres -c log_connections=on". Some parameters can be changed at run time
- # with the "SET" SQL command.
- #
- # Memory units: kB = kilobytes Time units: ms = milliseconds
- # MB = megabytes s = seconds
- # GB = gigabytes min = minutes
- # h = hours
- # d = days
- #------------------------------------------------------------------------------
- # FILE LOCATIONS
- #------------------------------------------------------------------------------
- # The default values of these variables are driven from the -D command-line
- # option or PGDATA environment variable, represented here as ConfigDir.
- data_directory = '/var/lib/postgresql/9.3/main' # use data in another directory
- # (change requires restart)
- hba_file = '/etc/postgresql/9.3/main/pg_hba.conf' # host-based authentication file
- # (change requires restart)
- ident_file = '/etc/postgresql/9.3/main/pg_ident.conf' # ident configuration file
- # (change requires restart)
- # If external_pid_file is not explicitly set, no extra PID file is written.
- external_pid_file = '/var/run/postgresql/9.3-main.pid' # write an extra PID file
- # (change requires restart)
- #------------------------------------------------------------------------------
- # CONNECTIONS AND AUTHENTICATION
- #------------------------------------------------------------------------------
- # - Connection Settings -
- #listen_addresses = 'localhost' # what IP address(es) to listen on;
- # comma-separated list of addresses;
- # defaults to 'localhost'; use '*' for all
- # (change requires restart)
- port = 5432 # (change requires restart)
- max_connections = 100 # (change requires restart)
- # Note: Increasing max_connections costs ~400 bytes of shared memory per
- # connection slot, plus lock space (see max_locks_per_transaction).
- #superuser_reserved_connections = 3 # (change requires restart)
- unix_socket_directories = '/var/run/postgresql' # comma-separated list of directories
- # (change requires restart)
- #unix_socket_group = '' # (change requires restart)
- #unix_socket_permissions = 0777 # begin with 0 to use octal notation
- # (change requires restart)
- #bonjour = off # advertise server via Bonjour
- # (change requires restart)
- #bonjour_name = '' # defaults to the computer name
- # (change requires restart)
- # - Security and Authentication -
- #authentication_timeout = 1min # 1s-600s
- ssl = true # (change requires restart)
- #ssl_ciphers = 'DEFAULT:!LOW:!EXP:!MD5:@STRENGTH' # allowed SSL ciphers
- # (change requires restart)
- #ssl_renegotiation_limit = 512MB # amount of data between renegotiations
- ssl_cert_file = '/etc/ssl/certs/ssl-cert-snakeoil.pem' # (change requires restart)
- ssl_key_file = '/etc/ssl/private/ssl-cert-snakeoil.key' # (change requires restart)
- #ssl_ca_file = '' # (change requires restart)
- #ssl_crl_file = '' # (change requires restart)
- #password_encryption = on
- #db_user_namespace = off
- # Kerberos and GSSAPI
- #krb_server_keyfile = ''
- #krb_srvname = 'postgres' # (Kerberos only)
- #krb_caseins_users = off
- # - TCP Keepalives -
- # see "man 7 tcp" for details
- #tcp_keepalives_idle = 0 # TCP_KEEPIDLE, in seconds;
- # 0 selects the system default
- #tcp_keepalives_interval = 0 # TCP_KEEPINTVL, in seconds;
- # 0 selects the system default
- #tcp_keepalives_count = 0 # TCP_KEEPCNT;
- # 0 selects the system default
- #------------------------------------------------------------------------------
- # RESOURCE USAGE (except WAL)
- #------------------------------------------------------------------------------
- # - Memory -
- shared_buffers = 128MB # min 128kB
- # (change requires restart)
- #temp_buffers = 8MB # min 800kB
- #max_prepared_transactions = 0 # zero disables the feature
- # (change requires restart)
- # Note: Increasing max_prepared_transactions costs ~600 bytes of shared memory
- # per transaction slot, plus lock space (see max_locks_per_transaction).
- # It is not advisable to set max_prepared_transactions nonzero unless you
- # actively intend to use prepared transactions.
- #work_mem = 1MB # min 64kB
- #maintenance_work_mem = 16MB # min 1MB
- #max_stack_depth = 2MB # min 100kB
- # - Disk -
- #temp_file_limit = -1 # limits per-session temp file space
- # in kB, or -1 for no limit
- # - Kernel Resource Usage -
- #max_files_per_process = 1000 # min 25
- # (change requires restart)
- #shared_preload_libraries = '' # (change requires restart)
- # - Cost-Based Vacuum Delay -
- #vacuum_cost_delay = 0 # 0-100 milliseconds
- #vacuum_cost_page_hit = 1 # 0-10000 credits
- #vacuum_cost_page_miss = 10 # 0-10000 credits
- #vacuum_cost_page_dirty = 20 # 0-10000 credits
- #vacuum_cost_limit = 200 # 1-10000 credits
- # - Background Writer -
- #bgwriter_delay = 200ms # 10-10000ms between rounds
- #bgwriter_lru_maxpages = 100 # 0-1000 max buffers written/round
- #bgwriter_lru_multiplier = 2.0 # 0-10.0 multipler on buffers scanned/round
- # - Asynchronous Behavior -
- #effective_io_concurrency = 1 # 1-1000; 0 disables prefetching
- #------------------------------------------------------------------------------
- # WRITE AHEAD LOG
- #------------------------------------------------------------------------------
- # - Settings -
- #wal_level = minimal # minimal, archive, or hot_standby
- # (change requires restart)
- #fsync = on # turns forced synchronization on or off
- #synchronous_commit = on # synchronization level;
- # off, local, remote_write, or on
- #wal_sync_method = fsync # the default is the first option
- # supported by the operating system:
- # open_datasync
- # fdatasync (default on Linux)
- # fsync
- # fsync_writethrough
- # open_sync
- #full_page_writes = on # recover from partial page writes
- #wal_buffers = -1 # min 32kB, -1 sets based on shared_buffers
- # (change requires restart)
- #wal_writer_delay = 200ms # 1-10000 milliseconds
- #commit_delay = 0 # range 0-100000, in microseconds
- #commit_siblings = 5 # range 1-1000
- # - Checkpoints -
- #checkpoint_segments = 3 # in logfile segments, min 1, 16MB each
- #checkpoint_timeout = 5min # range 30s-1h
- #checkpoint_completion_target = 0.5 # checkpoint target duration, 0.0 - 1.0
- #checkpoint_warning = 30s # 0 disables
- # - Archiving -
- #archive_mode = off # allows archiving to be done
- # (change requires restart)
- #archive_command = '' # command to use to archive a logfile segment
- # placeholders: %p = path of file to archive
- # %f = file name only
- # e.g. 'test ! -f /mnt/server/archivedir/%f && cp %p /mnt/server/archivedir/%f'
- #archive_timeout = 0 # force a logfile segment switch after this
- # number of seconds; 0 disables
- #------------------------------------------------------------------------------
- # REPLICATION
- #------------------------------------------------------------------------------
- # - Sending Server(s) -
- # Set these on the master and on any standby that will send replication data.
- #max_wal_senders = 0 # max number of walsender processes
- # (change requires restart)
- #wal_keep_segments = 0 # in logfile segments, 16MB each; 0 disables
- #wal_sender_timeout = 60s # in milliseconds; 0 disables
- # - Master Server -
- # These settings are ignored on a standby server.
- #synchronous_standby_names = '' # standby servers that provide sync rep
- # comma-separated list of application_name
- # from standby(s); '*' = all
- #vacuum_defer_cleanup_age = 0 # number of xacts by which cleanup is delayed
- # - Standby Servers -
- # These settings are ignored on a master server.
- #hot_standby = off # "on" allows queries during recovery
- # (change requires restart)
- #max_standby_archive_delay = 30s # max delay before canceling queries
- # when reading WAL from archive;
- # -1 allows indefinite delay
- #max_standby_streaming_delay = 30s # max delay before canceling queries
- # when reading streaming WAL;
- # -1 allows indefinite delay
- #wal_receiver_status_interval = 10s # send replies at least this often
- # 0 disables
- #hot_standby_feedback = off # send info from standby to prevent
- # query conflicts
- #wal_receiver_timeout = 60s # time that receiver waits for
- # communication from master
- # in milliseconds; 0 disables
- #------------------------------------------------------------------------------
- # QUERY TUNING
- #------------------------------------------------------------------------------
- # - Planner Method Configuration -
- #enable_bitmapscan = on
- #enable_hashagg = on
- #enable_hashjoin = on
- #enable_indexscan = on
- #enable_indexonlyscan = on
- #enable_material = on
- #enable_mergejoin = on
- #enable_nestloop = on
- #enable_seqscan = on
- #enable_sort = on
- #enable_tidscan = on
- # - Planner Cost Constants -
- #seq_page_cost = 1.0 # measured on an arbitrary scale
- #random_page_cost = 4.0 # same scale as above
- #cpu_tuple_cost = 0.01 # same scale as above
- #cpu_index_tuple_cost = 0.005 # same scale as above
- #cpu_operator_cost = 0.0025 # same scale as above
- #effective_cache_size = 128MB
- # - Genetic Query Optimizer -
- #geqo = on
- #geqo_threshold = 12
- #geqo_effort = 5 # range 1-10
- #geqo_pool_size = 0 # selects default based on effort
- #geqo_generations = 0 # selects default based on effort
- #geqo_selection_bias = 2.0 # range 1.5-2.0
- #geqo_seed = 0.0 # range 0.0-1.0
- # - Other Planner Options -
- #default_statistics_target = 100 # range 1-10000
- #constraint_exclusion = partition # on, off, or partition
- #cursor_tuple_fraction = 0.1 # range 0.0-1.0
- #from_collapse_limit = 8
- #join_collapse_limit = 8 # 1 disables collapsing of explicit
- # JOIN clauses
- #------------------------------------------------------------------------------
- # ERROR REPORTING AND LOGGING
- #------------------------------------------------------------------------------
- # - Where to Log -
- #log_destination = 'stderr' # Valid values are combinations of
- # stderr, csvlog, syslog, and eventlog,
- # depending on platform. csvlog
- # requires logging_collector to be on.
- # This is used when logging to stderr:
- #logging_collector = off # Enable capturing of stderr and csvlog
- # into log files. Required to be on for
- # csvlogs.
- # (change requires restart)
- # These are only used if logging_collector is on:
- #log_directory = 'pg_log' # directory where log files are written,
- # can be absolute or relative to PGDATA
- #log_filename = 'postgresql-%Y-%m-%d_%H%M%S.log' # log file name pattern,
- # can include strftime() escapes
- #log_file_mode = 0600 # creation mode for log files,
- # begin with 0 to use octal notation
- #log_truncate_on_rotation = off # If on, an existing log file with the
- # same name as the new log file will be
- # truncated rather than appended to.
- # But such truncation only occurs on
- # time-driven rotation, not on restarts
- # or size-driven rotation. Default is
- # off, meaning append to existing files
- # in all cases.
- #log_rotation_age = 1d # Automatic rotation of logfiles will
- # happen after that time. 0 disables.
- #log_rotation_size = 10MB # Automatic rotation of logfiles will
- # happen after that much log output.
- # 0 disables.
- # These are relevant when logging to syslog:
- #syslog_facility = 'LOCAL0'
- #syslog_ident = 'postgres'
- # This is only relevant when logging to eventlog (win32):
- #event_source = 'PostgreSQL'
- # - When to Log -
- #client_min_messages = notice # values in order of decreasing detail:
- # debug5
- # debug4
- # debug3
- # debug2
- # debug1
- # log
- # notice
- # warning
- # error
- #log_min_messages = warning # values in order of decreasing detail:
- # debug5
- # debug4
- # debug3
- # debug2
- # debug1
- # info
- # notice
- # warning
- # error
- # log
- # fatal
- # panic
- #log_min_error_statement = error # values in order of decreasing detail:
- # debug5
- # debug4
- # debug3
- # debug2
- # debug1
- # info
- # notice
- # warning
- # error
- # log
- # fatal
- # panic (effectively off)
- #log_min_duration_statement = -1 # -1 is disabled, 0 logs all statements
- # and their durations, > 0 logs only
- # statements running at least this number
- # of milliseconds
- # - What to Log -
- #debug_print_parse = off
- #debug_print_rewritten = off
- #debug_print_plan = off
- #debug_pretty_print = on
- #log_checkpoints = off
- #log_connections = off
- #log_disconnections = off
- #log_duration = off
- #log_error_verbosity = default # terse, default, or verbose messages
- #log_hostname = off
- log_line_prefix = '%t ' # special values:
- # %a = application name
- # %u = user name
- # %d = database name
- # %r = remote host and port
- # %h = remote host
- # %p = process ID
- # %t = timestamp without milliseconds
- # %m = timestamp with milliseconds
- # %i = command tag
- # %e = SQL state
- # %c = session ID
- # %l = session line number
- # %s = session start timestamp
- # %v = virtual transaction ID
- # %x = transaction ID (0 if none)
- # %q = stop here in non-session
- # processes
- # %% = '%'
- # e.g. '<%u%%%d> '
- #log_lock_waits = off # log lock waits >= deadlock_timeout
- #log_statement = 'none' # none, ddl, mod, all
- #log_temp_files = -1 # log temporary files equal or larger
- # than the specified size in kilobytes;
- # -1 disables, 0 logs all temp files
- log_timezone = 'PRC'
- #------------------------------------------------------------------------------
- # RUNTIME STATISTICS
- #------------------------------------------------------------------------------
- # - Query/Index Statistics Collector -
- #track_activities = on
- #track_counts = on
- #track_io_timing = off
- #track_functions = none # none, pl, all
- #track_activity_query_size = 1024 # (change requires restart)
- #update_process_title = on
- #stats_temp_directory = 'pg_stat_tmp'
- # - Statistics Monitoring -
- #log_parser_stats = off
- #log_planner_stats = off
- #log_executor_stats = off
- #log_statement_stats = off
- #------------------------------------------------------------------------------
- # AUTOVACUUM PARAMETERS
- #------------------------------------------------------------------------------
- #autovacuum = on # Enable autovacuum subprocess? 'on'
- # requires track_counts to also be on.
- #log_autovacuum_min_duration = -1 # -1 disables, 0 logs all actions and
- # their durations, > 0 logs only
- # actions running at least this number
- # of milliseconds.
- #autovacuum_max_workers = 3 # max number of autovacuum subprocesses
- # (change requires restart)
- #autovacuum_naptime = 1min # time between autovacuum runs
- #autovacuum_vacuum_threshold = 50 # min number of row updates before
- # vacuum
- #autovacuum_analyze_threshold = 50 # min number of row updates before
- # analyze
- #autovacuum_vacuum_scale_factor = 0.2 # fraction of table size before vacuum
- #autovacuum_analyze_scale_factor = 0.1 # fraction of table size before analyze
- #autovacuum_freeze_max_age = 200000000 # maximum XID age before forced vacuum
- # (change requires restart)
- #autovacuum_multixact_freeze_max_age = 400000000 # maximum Multixact age
- # before forced vacuum
- # (change requires restart)
- #autovacuum_vacuum_cost_delay = 20ms # default vacuum cost delay for
- # autovacuum, in milliseconds;
- # -1 means use vacuum_cost_delay
- #autovacuum_vacuum_cost_limit = -1 # default vacuum cost limit for
- # autovacuum, -1 means use
- # vacuum_cost_limit
- #------------------------------------------------------------------------------
- # CLIENT CONNECTION DEFAULTS
- #------------------------------------------------------------------------------
- # - Statement Behavior -
- #search_path = '"$user",public' # schema names
- #default_tablespace = '' # a tablespace name, '' uses the default
- #temp_tablespaces = '' # a list of tablespace names, '' uses
- # only default tablespace
- #check_function_bodies = on
- #default_transaction_isolation = 'read committed'
- #default_transaction_read_only = off
- #default_transaction_deferrable = off
- #session_replication_role = 'origin'
- #statement_timeout = 0 # in milliseconds, 0 is disabled
- #lock_timeout = 0 # in milliseconds, 0 is disabled
- #vacuum_freeze_min_age = 50000000
- #vacuum_freeze_table_age = 150000000
- #vacuum_multixact_freeze_min_age = 5000000
- #vacuum_multixact_freeze_table_age = 150000000
- #bytea_output = 'hex' # hex, escape
- #xmlbinary = 'base64'
- #xmloption = 'content'
- # - Locale and Formatting -
- datestyle = 'iso, ymd'
- #intervalstyle = 'postgres'
- timezone = 'PRC'
- #timezone_abbreviations = 'Default' # Select the set of available time zone
- # abbreviations. Currently, there are
- # Default
- # Australia
- # India
- # You can create your own file in
- # share/timezonesets/.
- #extra_float_digits = 0 # min -15, max 3
- #client_encoding = sql_ascii # actually, defaults to database
- # encoding
- # These settings are initialized by initdb, but they can be changed.
- lc_messages = 'zh_CN.UTF-8' # locale for system error message
- # strings
- lc_monetary = 'zh_CN' # locale for monetary formatting
- lc_numeric = 'zh_CN' # locale for number formatting
- lc_time = 'zh_CN' # locale for time formatting
- # default configuration for text search
- default_text_search_config = 'pg_catalog.simple'
- # - Other Defaults -
- #dynamic_library_path = '$libdir'
- #local_preload_libraries = ''
- #------------------------------------------------------------------------------
- # LOCK MANAGEMENT
- #------------------------------------------------------------------------------
- #deadlock_timeout = 1s
- #max_locks_per_transaction = 64 # min 10
- # (change requires restart)
- # Note: Each lock table slot uses ~270 bytes of shared memory, and there are
- # max_locks_per_transaction * (max_connections + max_prepared_transactions)
- # lock table slots.
- #max_pred_locks_per_transaction = 64 # min 10
- # (change requires restart)
- #------------------------------------------------------------------------------
- # VERSION/PLATFORM COMPATIBILITY
- #------------------------------------------------------------------------------
- # - Previous PostgreSQL Versions -
- #array_nulls = on
- #backslash_quote = safe_encoding # on, off, or safe_encoding
- #default_with_oids = off
- #escape_string_warning = on
- #lo_compat_privileges = off
- #quote_all_identifiers = off
- #sql_inheritance = on
- #standard_conforming_strings = on
- #synchronize_seqscans = on
- # - Other Platforms and Clients -
- #transform_null_equals = off
- #------------------------------------------------------------------------------
- # ERROR HANDLING
- #------------------------------------------------------------------------------
- #exit_on_error = off # terminate session on any error?
- #restart_after_crash = on # reinitialize after backend crash?
- #------------------------------------------------------------------------------
- # CONFIG FILE INCLUDES
- #------------------------------------------------------------------------------
- # These options allow settings to be loaded from files other than the
- # default postgresql.conf.
- #include_dir = 'conf.d' # include files ending in '.conf' from
- # directory 'conf.d'
- #include_if_exists = 'exists.conf' # include file only if it exists
- #include = 'special.conf' # include file
- #------------------------------------------------------------------------------
- # CUSTOMIZED OPTIONS
- #------------------------------------------------------------------------------
- # Add settings for extensions here
修改后的配置文件
- # -----------------------------
- # PostgreSQL configuration file
- # -----------------------------
- #
- # This file consists of lines of the form:
- #
- # name = value
- #
- # (The "=" is optional.) Whitespace may be used. Comments are introduced with
- # "#" anywhere on a line. The complete list of parameter names and allowed
- # values can be found in the PostgreSQL documentation.
- #
- # The commented-out settings shown in this file represent the default values.
- # Re-commenting a setting is NOT sufficient to revert it to the default value;
- # you need to reload the server.
- #
- # This file is read on server startup and when the server receives a SIGHUP
- # signal. If you edit the file on a running system, you have to SIGHUP the
- # server for the changes to take effect, or use "pg_ctl reload". Some
- # parameters, which are marked below, require a server shutdown and restart to
- # take effect.
- #
- # Any parameter can also be given as a command-line option to the server, e.g.,
- # "postgres -c log_connections=on". Some parameters can be changed at run time
- # with the "SET" SQL command.
- #
- # Memory units: kB = kilobytes Time units: ms = milliseconds
- # MB = megabytes s = seconds
- # GB = gigabytes min = minutes
- # h = hours
- # d = days
- #------------------------------------------------------------------------------
- # FILE LOCATIONS
- #------------------------------------------------------------------------------
- # The default values of these variables are driven from the -D command-line
- # option or PGDATA environment variable, represented here as ConfigDir.
- data_directory = '/var/lib/postgresql/9.3/main' # use data in another directory
- # (change requires restart)
- hba_file = '/etc/postgresql/9.3/main/pg_hba.conf' # host-based authentication file
- # (change requires restart)
- ident_file = '/etc/postgresql/9.3/main/pg_ident.conf' # ident configuration file
- # (change requires restart)
- # If external_pid_file is not explicitly set, no extra PID file is written.
- external_pid_file = '/var/run/postgresql/9.3-main.pid' # write an extra PID file
- # (change requires restart)
- #------------------------------------------------------------------------------
- # CONNECTIONS AND AUTHENTICATION
- #------------------------------------------------------------------------------
- # - Connection Settings -
- listen_addresses = '*' # what IP address(es) to listen on; #监听任何地址
- # comma-separated list of addresses;
- # defaults to 'localhost'; use '*' for all
- # (change requires restart)
- port = 5432 # (change requires restart)
- max_connections = 100 # (change requires restart)
- # Note: Increasing max_connections costs ~400 bytes of shared memory per
- # connection slot, plus lock space (see max_locks_per_transaction).
- #superuser_reserved_connections = 3 # (change requires restart)
- unix_socket_directories = '/var/run/postgresql' # comma-separated list of directories
- # (change requires restart)
- #unix_socket_group = '' # (change requires restart)
- #unix_socket_permissions = 0777 # begin with 0 to use octal notation
- # (change requires restart)
- #bonjour = off # advertise server via Bonjour
- # (change requires restart)
- #bonjour_name = '' # defaults to the computer name
- # (change requires restart)
- # - Security and Authentication -
- #authentication_timeout = 1min # 1s-600s
- ssl = true # (change requires restart)
- #ssl_ciphers = 'DEFAULT:!LOW:!EXP:!MD5:@STRENGTH' # allowed SSL ciphers
- # (change requires restart)
- #ssl_renegotiation_limit = 512MB # amount of data between renegotiations
- ssl_cert_file = '/etc/ssl/certs/ssl-cert-snakeoil.pem' # (change requires restart)
- ssl_key_file = '/etc/ssl/private/ssl-cert-snakeoil.key' # (change requires restart)
- #ssl_ca_file = '' # (change requires restart)
- #ssl_crl_file = '' # (change requires restart)
- password_encryption = on #启用口令加密
- #db_user_namespace = off
- # Kerberos and GSSAPI
- #krb_server_keyfile = ''
- #krb_srvname = 'postgres' # (Kerberos only)
- #krb_caseins_users = off
- # - TCP Keepalives -
- # see "man 7 tcp" for details
- #tcp_keepalives_idle = 0 # TCP_KEEPIDLE, in seconds;
- # 0 selects the system default
- #tcp_keepalives_interval = 0 # TCP_KEEPINTVL, in seconds;
- # 0 selects the system default
- #tcp_keepalives_count = 0 # TCP_KEEPCNT;
- # 0 selects the system default
- #------------------------------------------------------------------------------
- # RESOURCE USAGE (except WAL)
- #------------------------------------------------------------------------------
- # - Memory -
- shared_buffers = 128MB # min 128kB
- # (change requires restart)
- #temp_buffers = 8MB # min 800kB
- #max_prepared_transactions = 0 # zero disables the feature
- # (change requires restart)
- # Note: Increasing max_prepared_transactions costs ~600 bytes of shared memory
- # per transaction slot, plus lock space (see max_locks_per_transaction).
- # It is not advisable to set max_prepared_transactions nonzero unless you
- # actively intend to use prepared transactions.
- #work_mem = 1MB # min 64kB
- #maintenance_work_mem = 16MB # min 1MB
- #max_stack_depth = 2MB # min 100kB
- # - Disk -
- #temp_file_limit = -1 # limits per-session temp file space
- # in kB, or -1 for no limit
- # - Kernel Resource Usage -
- #max_files_per_process = 1000 # min 25
- # (change requires restart)
- #shared_preload_libraries = '' # (change requires restart)
- # - Cost-Based Vacuum Delay -
- #vacuum_cost_delay = 0 # 0-100 milliseconds
- #vacuum_cost_page_hit = 1 # 0-10000 credits
- #vacuum_cost_page_miss = 10 # 0-10000 credits
- #vacuum_cost_page_dirty = 20 # 0-10000 credits
- #vacuum_cost_limit = 200 # 1-10000 credits
- # - Background Writer -
- #bgwriter_delay = 200ms # 10-10000ms between rounds
- #bgwriter_lru_maxpages = 100 # 0-1000 max buffers written/round
- #bgwriter_lru_multiplier = 2.0 # 0-10.0 multipler on buffers scanned/round
- # - Asynchronous Behavior -
- #effective_io_concurrency = 1 # 1-1000; 0 disables prefetching
- #------------------------------------------------------------------------------
- # WRITE AHEAD LOG
- #------------------------------------------------------------------------------
- # - Settings -
- #wal_level = minimal # minimal, archive, or hot_standby
- # (change requires restart)
- #fsync = on # turns forced synchronization on or off
- #synchronous_commit = on # synchronization level;
- # off, local, remote_write, or on
- #wal_sync_method = fsync # the default is the first option
- # supported by the operating system:
- # open_datasync
- # fdatasync (default on Linux)
- # fsync
- # fsync_writethrough
- # open_sync
- #full_page_writes = on # recover from partial page writes
- #wal_buffers = -1 # min 32kB, -1 sets based on shared_buffers
- # (change requires restart)
- #wal_writer_delay = 200ms # 1-10000 milliseconds
- #commit_delay = 0 # range 0-100000, in microseconds
- #commit_siblings = 5 # range 1-1000
- # - Checkpoints -
- #checkpoint_segments = 3 # in logfile segments, min 1, 16MB each
- #checkpoint_timeout = 5min # range 30s-1h
- #checkpoint_completion_target = 0.5 # checkpoint target duration, 0.0 - 1.0
- #checkpoint_warning = 30s # 0 disables
- # - Archiving -
- #archive_mode = off # allows archiving to be done
- # (change requires restart)
- #archive_command = '' # command to use to archive a logfile segment
- # placeholders: %p = path of file to archive
- # %f = file name only
- # e.g. 'test ! -f /mnt/server/archivedir/%f && cp %p /mnt/server/archivedir/%f'
- #archive_timeout = 0 # force a logfile segment switch after this
- # number of seconds; 0 disables
- #------------------------------------------------------------------------------
- # REPLICATION
- #------------------------------------------------------------------------------
- # - Sending Server(s) -
- # Set these on the master and on any standby that will send replication data.
- #max_wal_senders = 0 # max number of walsender processes
- # (change requires restart)
- #wal_keep_segments = 0 # in logfile segments, 16MB each; 0 disables
- #wal_sender_timeout = 60s # in milliseconds; 0 disables
- # - Master Server -
- # These settings are ignored on a standby server.
- #synchronous_standby_names = '' # standby servers that provide sync rep
- # comma-separated list of application_name
- # from standby(s); '*' = all
- #vacuum_defer_cleanup_age = 0 # number of xacts by which cleanup is delayed
- # - Standby Servers -
- # These settings are ignored on a master server.
- #hot_standby = off # "on" allows queries during recovery
- # (change requires restart)
- #max_standby_archive_delay = 30s # max delay before canceling queries
- # when reading WAL from archive;
- # -1 allows indefinite delay
- #max_standby_streaming_delay = 30s # max delay before canceling queries
- # when reading streaming WAL;
- # -1 allows indefinite delay
- #wal_receiver_status_interval = 10s # send replies at least this often
- # 0 disables
- #hot_standby_feedback = off # send info from standby to prevent
- # query conflicts
- #wal_receiver_timeout = 60s # time that receiver waits for
- # communication from master
- # in milliseconds; 0 disables
- #------------------------------------------------------------------------------
- # QUERY TUNING
- #------------------------------------------------------------------------------
- # - Planner Method Configuration -
- #enable_bitmapscan = on
- #enable_hashagg = on
- #enable_hashjoin = on
- #enable_indexscan = on
- #enable_indexonlyscan = on
- #enable_material = on
- #enable_mergejoin = on
- #enable_nestloop = on
- #enable_seqscan = on
- #enable_sort = on
- #enable_tidscan = on
- # - Planner Cost Constants -
- #seq_page_cost = 1.0 # measured on an arbitrary scale
- #random_page_cost = 4.0 # same scale as above
- #cpu_tuple_cost = 0.01 # same scale as above
- #cpu_index_tuple_cost = 0.005 # same scale as above
- #cpu_operator_cost = 0.0025 # same scale as above
- #effective_cache_size = 128MB
- # - Genetic Query Optimizer -
- #geqo = on
- #geqo_threshold = 12
- #geqo_effort = 5 # range 1-10
- #geqo_pool_size = 0 # selects default based on effort
- #geqo_generations = 0 # selects default based on effort
- #geqo_selection_bias = 2.0 # range 1.5-2.0
- #geqo_seed = 0.0 # range 0.0-1.0
- # - Other Planner Options -
- #default_statistics_target = 100 # range 1-10000
- #constraint_exclusion = partition # on, off, or partition
- #cursor_tuple_fraction = 0.1 # range 0.0-1.0
- #from_collapse_limit = 8
- #join_collapse_limit = 8 # 1 disables collapsing of explicit
- # JOIN clauses
- #------------------------------------------------------------------------------
- # ERROR REPORTING AND LOGGING
- #------------------------------------------------------------------------------
- # - Where to Log -
- #log_destination = 'stderr' # Valid values are combinations of
- # stderr, csvlog, syslog, and eventlog,
- # depending on platform. csvlog
- # requires logging_collector to be on.
- # This is used when logging to stderr:
- #logging_collector = off # Enable capturing of stderr and csvlog
- # into log files. Required to be on for
- # csvlogs.
- # (change requires restart)
- # These are only used if logging_collector is on:
- #log_directory = 'pg_log' # directory where log files are written,
- # can be absolute or relative to PGDATA
- #log_filename = 'postgresql-%Y-%m-%d_%H%M%S.log' # log file name pattern,
- # can include strftime() escapes
- #log_file_mode = 0600 # creation mode for log files,
- # begin with 0 to use octal notation
- #log_truncate_on_rotation = off # If on, an existing log file with the
- # same name as the new log file will be
- # truncated rather than appended to.
- # But such truncation only occurs on
- # time-driven rotation, not on restarts
- # or size-driven rotation. Default is
- # off, meaning append to existing files
- # in all cases.
- #log_rotation_age = 1d # Automatic rotation of logfiles will
- # happen after that time. 0 disables.
- #log_rotation_size = 10MB # Automatic rotation of logfiles will
- # happen after that much log output.
- # 0 disables.
- # These are relevant when logging to syslog:
- #syslog_facility = 'LOCAL0'
- #syslog_ident = 'postgres'
- # This is only relevant when logging to eventlog (win32):
- #event_source = 'PostgreSQL'
- # - When to Log -
- #client_min_messages = notice # values in order of decreasing detail:
- # debug5
- # debug4
- # debug3
- # debug2
- # debug1
- # log
- # notice
- # warning
- # error
- #log_min_messages = warning # values in order of decreasing detail:
- # debug5
- # debug4
- # debug3
- # debug2
- # debug1
- # info
- # notice
- # warning
- # error
- # log
- # fatal
- # panic
- #log_min_error_statement = error # values in order of decreasing detail:
- # debug5
- # debug4
- # debug3
- # debug2
- # debug1
- # info
- # notice
- # warning
- # error
- # log
- # fatal
- # panic (effectively off)
- #log_min_duration_statement = -1 # -1 is disabled, 0 logs all statements
- # and their durations, > 0 logs only
- # statements running at least this number
- # of milliseconds
- # - What to Log -
- #debug_print_parse = off
- #debug_print_rewritten = off
- #debug_print_plan = off
- #debug_pretty_print = on
- #log_checkpoints = off
- #log_connections = off
- #log_disconnections = off
- #log_duration = off
- #log_error_verbosity = default # terse, default, or verbose messages
- #log_hostname = off
- log_line_prefix = '%t ' # special values:
- # %a = application name
- # %u = user name
- # %d = database name
- # %r = remote host and port
- # %h = remote host
- # %p = process ID
- # %t = timestamp without milliseconds
- # %m = timestamp with milliseconds
- # %i = command tag
- # %e = SQL state
- # %c = session ID
- # %l = session line number
- # %s = session start timestamp
- # %v = virtual transaction ID
- # %x = transaction ID (0 if none)
- # %q = stop here in non-session
- # processes
- # %% = '%'
- # e.g. '<%u%%%d> '
- #log_lock_waits = off # log lock waits >= deadlock_timeout
- #log_statement = 'none' # none, ddl, mod, all
- #log_temp_files = -1 # log temporary files equal or larger
- # than the specified size in kilobytes;
- # -1 disables, 0 logs all temp files
- log_timezone = 'PRC'
- #------------------------------------------------------------------------------
- # RUNTIME STATISTICS
- #------------------------------------------------------------------------------
- # - Query/Index Statistics Collector -
- #track_activities = on
- #track_counts = on
- #track_io_timing = off
- #track_functions = none # none, pl, all
- #track_activity_query_size = 1024 # (change requires restart)
- #update_process_title = on
- #stats_temp_directory = 'pg_stat_tmp'
- # - Statistics Monitoring -
- #log_parser_stats = off
- #log_planner_stats = off
- #log_executor_stats = off
- #log_statement_stats = off
- #------------------------------------------------------------------------------
- # AUTOVACUUM PARAMETERS
- #------------------------------------------------------------------------------
- #autovacuum = on # Enable autovacuum subprocess? 'on'
- # requires track_counts to also be on.
- #log_autovacuum_min_duration = -1 # -1 disables, 0 logs all actions and
- # their durations, > 0 logs only
- # actions running at least this number
- # of milliseconds.
- #autovacuum_max_workers = 3 # max number of autovacuum subprocesses
- # (change requires restart)
- #autovacuum_naptime = 1min # time between autovacuum runs
- #autovacuum_vacuum_threshold = 50 # min number of row updates before
- # vacuum
- #autovacuum_analyze_threshold = 50 # min number of row updates before
- # analyze
- #autovacuum_vacuum_scale_factor = 0.2 # fraction of table size before vacuum
- #autovacuum_analyze_scale_factor = 0.1 # fraction of table size before analyze
- #autovacuum_freeze_max_age = 200000000 # maximum XID age before forced vacuum
- # (change requires restart)
- #autovacuum_multixact_freeze_max_age = 400000000 # maximum Multixact age
- # before forced vacuum
- # (change requires restart)
- #autovacuum_vacuum_cost_delay = 20ms # default vacuum cost delay for
- # autovacuum, in milliseconds;
- # -1 means use vacuum_cost_delay
- #autovacuum_vacuum_cost_limit = -1 # default vacuum cost limit for
- # autovacuum, -1 means use
- # vacuum_cost_limit
- #------------------------------------------------------------------------------
- # CLIENT CONNECTION DEFAULTS
- #------------------------------------------------------------------------------
- # - Statement Behavior -
- #search_path = '"$user",public' # schema names
- #default_tablespace = '' # a tablespace name, '' uses the default
- #temp_tablespaces = '' # a list of tablespace names, '' uses
- # only default tablespace
- #check_function_bodies = on
- #default_transaction_isolation = 'read committed'
- #default_transaction_read_only = off
- #default_transaction_deferrable = off
- #session_replication_role = 'origin'
- #statement_timeout = 0 # in milliseconds, 0 is disabled
- #lock_timeout = 0 # in milliseconds, 0 is disabled
- #vacuum_freeze_min_age = 50000000
- #vacuum_freeze_table_age = 150000000
- #vacuum_multixact_freeze_min_age = 5000000
- #vacuum_multixact_freeze_table_age = 150000000
- #bytea_output = 'hex' # hex, escape
- #xmlbinary = 'base64'
- #xmloption = 'content'
- # - Locale and Formatting -
- datestyle = 'iso, ymd'
- #intervalstyle = 'postgres'
- timezone = 'PRC'
- #timezone_abbreviations = 'Default' # Select the set of available time zone
- # abbreviations. Currently, there are
- # Default
- # Australia
- # India
- # You can create your own file in
- # share/timezonesets/.
- #extra_float_digits = 0 # min -15, max 3
- #client_encoding = sql_ascii # actually, defaults to database
- # encoding
- # These settings are initialized by initdb, but they can be changed.
- lc_messages = 'zh_CN.UTF-8' # locale for system error message
- # strings
- lc_monetary = 'zh_CN' # locale for monetary formatting
- lc_numeric = 'zh_CN' # locale for number formatting
- lc_time = 'zh_CN' # locale for time formatting
- # default configuration for text search
- default_text_search_config = 'pg_catalog.simple'
- # - Other Defaults -
- #dynamic_library_path = '$libdir'
- #local_preload_libraries = ''
- #------------------------------------------------------------------------------
- # LOCK MANAGEMENT
- #------------------------------------------------------------------------------
- #deadlock_timeout = 1s
- #max_locks_per_transaction = 64 # min 10
- # (change requires restart)
- # Note: Each lock table slot uses ~270 bytes of shared memory, and there are
- # max_locks_per_transaction * (max_connections + max_prepared_transactions)
- # lock table slots.
- #max_pred_locks_per_transaction = 64 # min 10
- # (change requires restart)
- #------------------------------------------------------------------------------
- # VERSION/PLATFORM COMPATIBILITY
- #------------------------------------------------------------------------------
- # - Previous PostgreSQL Versions -
- #array_nulls = on
- #backslash_quote = safe_encoding # on, off, or safe_encoding
- #default_with_oids = off
- #escape_string_warning = on
- #lo_compat_privileges = off
- #quote_all_identifiers = off
- #sql_inheritance = on
- #standard_conforming_strings = on
- #synchronize_seqscans = on
- # - Other Platforms and Clients -
- #transform_null_equals = off
- #------------------------------------------------------------------------------
- # ERROR HANDLING
- #------------------------------------------------------------------------------
- #exit_on_error = off # terminate session on any error?
- #restart_after_crash = on # reinitialize after backend crash?
- #------------------------------------------------------------------------------
- # CONFIG FILE INCLUDES
- #------------------------------------------------------------------------------
- # These options allow settings to be loaded from files other than the
- # default postgresql.conf.
- #include_dir = 'conf.d' # include files ending in '.conf' from
- # directory 'conf.d'
- #include_if_exists = 'exists.conf' # include file only if it exists
- #include = 'special.conf' # include file
- #------------------------------------------------------------------------------
- # CUSTOMIZED OPTIONS
- #------------------------------------------------------------------------------
- # Add settings for extensions here
08、修改 PostgresSQL 数据库配置文件 pg_hba.conf
- vi /etc/postgresql/9.3/main/pg_hba.conf
修改前的配置文件 - # PostgreSQL Client Authentication Configuration File
- # ===================================================
- #
- # Refer to the "Client Authentication" section in the PostgreSQL
- # documentation for a complete description of this file. A short
- # synopsis follows.
- #
- # This file controls: which hosts are allowed to connect, how clients
- # are authenticated, which PostgreSQL user names they can use, which
- # databases they can access. Records take one of these forms:
- #
- # local DATABASE USER METHOD [OPTIONS]
- # host DATABASE USER ADDRESS METHOD [OPTIONS]
- # hostssl DATABASE USER ADDRESS METHOD [OPTIONS]
- # hostnossl DATABASE USER ADDRESS METHOD [OPTIONS]
- #
- # (The uppercase items must be replaced by actual values.)
- #
- # The first field is the connection type: "local" is a Unix-domain
- # socket, "host" is either a plain or SSL-encrypted TCP/IP socket,
- # "hostssl" is an SSL-encrypted TCP/IP socket, and "hostnossl" is a
- # plain TCP/IP socket.
- #
- # DATABASE can be "all", "sameuser", "samerole", "replication", a
- # database name, or a comma-separated list thereof. The "all"
- # keyword does not match "replication". Access to replication
- # must be enabled in a separate record (see example below).
- #
- # USER can be "all", a user name, a group name prefixed with "+", or a
- # comma-separated list thereof. In both the DATABASE and USER fields
- # you can also write a file name prefixed with "@" to include names
- # from a separate file.
- #
- # ADDRESS specifies the set of hosts the record matches. It can be a
- # host name, or it is made up of an IP address and a CIDR mask that is
- # an integer (between 0 and 32 (IPv4) or 128 (IPv6) inclusive) that
- # specifies the number of significant bits in the mask. A host name
- # that starts with a dot (.) matches a suffix of the actual host name.
- # Alternatively, you can write an IP address and netmask in separate
- # columns to specify the set of hosts. Instead of a CIDR-address, you
- # can write "samehost" to match any of the server's own IP addresses,
- # or "samenet" to match any address in any subnet that the server is
- # directly connected to.
- #
- # METHOD can be "trust", "reject", "md5", "password", "gss", "sspi",
- # "krb5", "ident", "peer", "pam", "ldap", "radius" or "cert". Note that
- # "password" sends passwords in clear text; "md5" is preferred since
- # it sends encrypted passwords.
- #
- # OPTIONS are a set of options for the authentication in the format
- # NAME=VALUE. The available options depend on the different
- # authentication methods -- refer to the "Client Authentication"
- # section in the documentation for a list of which options are
- # available for which authentication methods.
- #
- # Database and user names containing spaces, commas, quotes and other
- # special characters must be quoted. Quoting one of the keywords
- # "all", "sameuser", "samerole" or "replication" makes the name lose
- # its special character, and just match a database or username with
- # that name.
- #
- # This file is read on server startup and when the postmaster receives
- # a SIGHUP signal. If you edit the file on a running system, you have
- # to SIGHUP the postmaster for the changes to take effect. You can
- # use "pg_ctl reload" to do that.
- # Put your actual configuration here
- # ----------------------------------
- #
- # If you want to allow non-local connections, you need to add more
- # "host" records. In that case you will also need to make PostgreSQL
- # listen on a non-local interface via the listen_addresses
- # configuration parameter, or via the -i or -h command line switches.
- # DO NOT DISABLE!
- # If you change this first entry you will need to make sure that the
- # database superuser can access the database using some other method.
- # Noninteractive access to all databases is required during automatic
- # maintenance (custom daily cronjobs, replication, and similar tasks).
- #
- # Database administrative login by Unix domain socket
- local all postgres peer
- # TYPE DATABASE USER ADDRESS METHOD
- # "local" is for Unix domain socket connections only
- local all all peer
- # IPv4 local connections:
- host all all 127.0.0.1/32 md5
- # IPv6 local connections:
- host all all ::1/128 md5
- # Allow replication connections from localhost, by a user with the
- # replication privilege.
- #local replication postgres peer
- #host replication postgres 127.0.0.1/32 md5
- #host replication postgres ::1/128 md5
修改后的配置文件 - # PostgreSQL Client Authentication Configuration File
- # ===================================================
- #
- # Refer to the "Client Authentication" section in the PostgreSQL
- # documentation for a complete description of this file. A short
- # synopsis follows.
- #
- # This file controls: which hosts are allowed to connect, how clients
- # are authenticated, which PostgreSQL user names they can use, which
- # databases they can access. Records take one of these forms:
- #
- # local DATABASE USER METHOD [OPTIONS]
- # host DATABASE USER ADDRESS METHOD [OPTIONS]
- # hostssl DATABASE USER ADDRESS METHOD [OPTIONS]
- # hostnossl DATABASE USER ADDRESS METHOD [OPTIONS]
- #
- # (The uppercase items must be replaced by actual values.)
- #
- # The first field is the connection type: "local" is a Unix-domain
- # socket, "host" is either a plain or SSL-encrypted TCP/IP socket,
- # "hostssl" is an SSL-encrypted TCP/IP socket, and "hostnossl" is a
- # plain TCP/IP socket.
- #
- # DATABASE can be "all", "sameuser", "samerole", "replication", a
- # database name, or a comma-separated list thereof. The "all"
- # keyword does not match "replication". Access to replication
- # must be enabled in a separate record (see example below).
- #
- # USER can be "all", a user name, a group name prefixed with "+", or a
- # comma-separated list thereof. In both the DATABASE and USER fields
- # you can also write a file name prefixed with "@" to include names
- # from a separate file.
- #
- # ADDRESS specifies the set of hosts the record matches. It can be a
- # host name, or it is made up of an IP address and a CIDR mask that is
- # an integer (between 0 and 32 (IPv4) or 128 (IPv6) inclusive) that
- # specifies the number of significant bits in the mask. A host name
- # that starts with a dot (.) matches a suffix of the actual host name.
- # Alternatively, you can write an IP address and netmask in separate
- # columns to specify the set of hosts. Instead of a CIDR-address, you
- # can write "samehost" to match any of the server's own IP addresses,
- # or "samenet" to match any address in any subnet that the server is
- # directly connected to.
- #
- # METHOD can be "trust", "reject", "md5", "password", "gss", "sspi",
- # "krb5", "ident", "peer", "pam", "ldap", "radius" or "cert". Note that
- # "password" sends passwords in clear text; "md5" is preferred since
- # it sends encrypted passwords.
- #
- # OPTIONS are a set of options for the authentication in the format
- # NAME=VALUE. The available options depend on the different
- # authentication methods -- refer to the "Client Authentication"
- # section in the documentation for a list of which options are
- # available for which authentication methods.
- #
- # Database and user names containing spaces, commas, quotes and other
- # special characters must be quoted. Quoting one of the keywords
- # "all", "sameuser", "samerole" or "replication" makes the name lose
- # its special character, and just match a database or username with
- # that name.
- #
- # This file is read on server startup and when the postmaster receives
- # a SIGHUP signal. If you edit the file on a running system, you have
- # to SIGHUP the postmaster for the changes to take effect. You can
- # use "pg_ctl reload" to do that.
- # Put your actual configuration here
- # ----------------------------------
- #
- # If you want to allow non-local connections, you need to add more
- # "host" records. In that case you will also need to make PostgreSQL
- # listen on a non-local interface via the listen_addresses
- # configuration parameter, or via the -i or -h command line switches.
- # DO NOT DISABLE!
- # If you change this first entry you will need to make sure that the
- # database superuser can access the database using some other method.
- # Noninteractive access to all databases is required during automatic
- # maintenance (custom daily cronjobs, replication, and similar tasks).
- #
- # Database administrative login by Unix domain socket
- local all postgres peer
- # TYPE DATABASE USER ADDRESS METHOD
- # "local" is for Unix domain socket connections only
- local all all peer
- # IPv4 local connections:
- host all all 127.0.0.1/32 md5
- # IPv6 local connections:
- host all all ::1/128 md5
- # Allow replication connections from localhost, by a user with the
- # replication privilege.
- #local replication postgres peer
- #host replication postgres 127.0.0.1/32 md5
- #host replication postgres ::1/128 md5
- # to allow your client visiting postgresql server
- host all all 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 md5
最后一行 host 表示允许类型是主机；第一个 all 是允许访问数据库名称；第二个 all 是允许用户；第一个 0.0.0.0 是允许访问 IP Address；第二个 0.0.0.0 是允许访问 SubNet Mask；最后 md5 表示密码加密方式，如果将 md5 改成 trust，在指定范围的主机访问数据库时无需提供密码。
IP Address 和 SubNet Mask 项也可修改为您的机器 IP 地址 (譬如：10.13.19.53)和子网掩码 (譬如：255.255.255.255)，这样就只有您自己的主机才可远程访问数据库。要使用一个 IP 地址范围，只需要把 SubNet Mask 设置成合适的值。
若把 SubNet Mask 设成 0.0.0.0，则所有主机均可访问数据库 (IP Address 可任意设定)。若将 md5 改成 trust，可让指定范围的主机访问指定数据库时无需提供密码。
09、重启 PostgresSQL 9.3.5
- root:# /etc/init.d/postgresql restart
- * Restarting PostgreSQL 9.3 database server [ OK ]
- root:#
10、登陆测试 PostgresSQL 9.3.5
- root:# psql -U postgres -h 127.0.0.1
- Password for user postgres: #第 06 步设置的 postgres 数据库用户口令
- psql (9.3.5)
- SSL connection (cipher: DHE-RSA-AES256-SHA, bits: 256)
- Type "help" for help.
- postgres=# \q
- could not save history to file "/root/.psql_history": 没有那个文件或目录 #重新登录就可以了，由于第一次文件是不存在的
- root:# psql -U postgres -h 127.0.0.1
- Password for user postgres: #第 06 步设置的 postgres 数据库用户口令
- psql (9.3.5)
- SSL connection (cipher: DHE-RSA-AES256-SHA, bits: 256)
- Type "help" for help.
- postgres=# \q
- root:#
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发表于 2018-6-21 12:30:00
