在 Ubuntu Server 14.04 下安装 vsftpd 3.0.2(FPT 上传、下载工具)
在 Ubuntu Server 14.04 下安装 vsftpd 3.0.2(FPT 上传、下载工具)vsftpd 是 “very secure FTP daemon” 的缩写，安全性是它的最大特点。vsftpd 是一个 UNIX 类操作系统上运行的 FTP 服务器名字，它可以运行在 Linux、BSD、Solaris、 HP-UNIX 等平台上。vsftpd 是一个完全免费、开发源代码的 FTP 服务器软件，支持很多其他 FTP 服务器所不支持的特征。譬如：非常高的安全性需求、带宽限制、良好的可伸缩性、可创建虚拟用户、支持 IPv6、速率高、等。
vsftpd 是一款在 Linux 发行版中最受推崇的 FTP 服务器程序。特点是小巧轻快，安全易用。
在开源操作系统中常用的 FTP 套件主要还有 ProFTPD、PureFTPd 和 wuftpd 等。
主要特点
01、vsftpd 以一般身份启动服务，所以对 Linux 系统的使用权限要求较低，对于 Linux 系统的危害就相对减轻了。此外， vsftpd 还利用 chroot() 函数进行改换根目录的动作，使得系统工具不会被 vsftpd 服务所误用；
02、任何需要具有较高执行权限的 vsftpd 指令均以一特殊上层程序 ( parent process ) 所控制 ，该上层程序享有的较高执行权限功能已经被限制的相当低，并以不影响 Linux 系统本身为准；
03、全部来自 clients 端，想要使用这支上层程序所提供的较高执行权限之 vsftpd 指令的需求，均被视为『不可信任的要求』来处理，必需要经过相当程度的身份确认后，方可利用该上层程序功能。譬如：chown()、Login 要求、等等动作；
04、此外，上面提到的上层程序中，仍使用 chroot() 功能限制使用者的执行权限。
01、安装 vsftpd 3.0.2
root:# apt-get install vsftpd
正在读取软件包列表... 完成
正在分析软件包的依赖关系树
正在读取状态信息... 完成
下列【新】软件包将被安装：
vsftpd
升级了 0 个软件包，新安装了 1 个软件包，要卸载 0 个软件包，有 398 个软件包未被升级。
需要下载 111 kB 的软件包。
解压缩后会消耗掉 361 kB 的额外空间。
获取：1 http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ trusty-updates/main vsftpd amd64 3.0.2-1ubuntu2.14.04.1
下载 111 kB，耗时 0秒 (285 kB/s)
正在预设定软件包 ...
Selecting previously unselected package vsftpd.
(正在读取数据库 ... 系统当前共安装有 172281 个文件和目录。)
Preparing to unpack .../vsftpd_3.0.2-1ubuntu2.14.04.1_amd64.deb ...
Unpacking vsftpd (3.0.2-1ubuntu2.14.04.1) ...
Processing triggers for man-db (2.6.7.1-1) ...
Processing triggers for ureadahead (0.100.0-16) ...
正在设置 vsftpd (3.0.2-1ubuntu2.14.04.1) ...
vsftpd start/running, process 4350
Processing triggers for ureadahead (0.100.0-16) ...
root@npt-Aspire-4920:/home/npt# apt-get install vsftpd
正在读取软件包列表... 完成
正在分析软件包的依赖关系树
正在读取状态信息... 完成
vsftpd 已经是最新的版本了。
升级了 0 个软件包，新安装了 0 个软件包，要卸载 0 个软件包，有 398 个软件包未被升级。
root:#
02、修改 vsftpd.conf 配置文件
root:# vi /etc/vsftpd.conf
修改前的配置文件
# Example config file /etc/vsftpd.conf
#
# The default compiled in settings are fairly paranoid. This sample file
# loosens things up a bit, to make the ftp daemon more usable.
# Please see vsftpd.conf.5 for all compiled in defaults.
#
# READ THIS: This example file is NOT an exhaustive list of vsftpd options.
# Please read the vsftpd.conf.5 manual page to get a full idea of vsftpd's
# capabilities.
#
#
# Run standalone?vsftpd can run either from an inetd or as a standalone
# daemon started from an initscript.
listen=YES
#
# Run standalone with IPv6?
# Like the listen parameter, except vsftpd will listen on an IPv6 socket
# instead of an IPv4 one. This parameter and the listen parameter are mutually
# exclusive.
#listen_ipv6=YES
#
# Allow anonymous FTP? (Disabled by default)
anonymous_enable=NO
#
# Uncomment this to allow local users to log in.
local_enable=YES
#
# Uncomment this to enable any form of FTP write command.
#write_enable=YES
#
# Default umask for local users is 077. You may wish to change this to 022,
# if your users expect that (022 is used by most other ftpd's)
#local_umask=022
#
# Uncomment this to allow the anonymous FTP user to upload files. This only
# has an effect if the above global write enable is activated. Also, you will
# obviously need to create a directory writable by the FTP user.
#anon_upload_enable=YES
#
# Uncomment this if you want the anonymous FTP user to be able to create
# new directories.
#anon_mkdir_write_enable=YES
#
# Activate directory messages - messages given to remote users when they
# go into a certain directory.
dirmessage_enable=YES
#
# If enabled, vsftpd will display directory listings with the time
# inyourlocaltimezone.The default is to display GMT. The
# times returned by the MDTM FTP command are also affected by this
# option.
use_localtime=YES
#
# Activate logging of uploads/downloads.
xferlog_enable=YES
#
# Make sure PORT transfer connections originate from port 20 (ftp-data).
connect_from_port_20=YES
#
# If you want, you can arrange for uploaded anonymous files to be owned by
# a different user. Note! Using "root" for uploaded files is not
# recommended!
#chown_uploads=YES
#chown_username=whoever
#
# You may override where the log file goes if you like. The default is shown
# below.
#xferlog_file=/var/log/vsftpd.log
#
# If you want, you can have your log file in standard ftpd xferlog format.
# Note that the default log file location is /var/log/xferlog in this case.
#xferlog_std_format=YES
#
# You may change the default value for timing out an idle session.
#idle_session_timeout=600
#
# You may change the default value for timing out a data connection.
#data_connection_timeout=120
#
# It is recommended that you define on your system a unique user which the
# ftp server can use as a totally isolated and unprivileged user.
#nopriv_user=ftpsecure
#
# Enable this and the server will recognise asynchronous ABOR requests. Not
# recommended for security (the code is non-trivial). Not enabling it,
# however, may confuse older FTP clients.
#async_abor_enable=YES
#
# By default the server will pretend to allow ASCII mode but in fact ignore
# the request. Turn on the below options to have the server actually do ASCII
# mangling on files when in ASCII mode.
# Beware that on some FTP servers, ASCII support allows a denial of service
# attack (DoS) via the command "SIZE /big/file" in ASCII mode. vsftpd
# predicted this attack and has always been safe, reporting the size of the
# raw file.
# ASCII mangling is a horrible feature of the protocol.
#ascii_upload_enable=YES
#ascii_download_enable=YES
#
# You may fully customise the login banner string:
#ftpd_banner=Welcome to blah FTP service.
#
# You may specify a file of disallowed anonymous e-mail addresses. Apparently
# useful for combatting certain DoS attacks.
#deny_email_enable=YES
# (default follows)
#banned_email_file=/etc/vsftpd.banned_emails
#
# You may restrict local users to their home directories.See the FAQ for
# the possible risks in this before using chroot_local_user or
# chroot_list_enable below.
#chroot_local_user=YES
#
# You may specify an explicit list of local users to chroot() to their home
# directory. If chroot_local_user is YES, then this list becomes a list of
# users to NOT chroot().
# (Warning! chroot'ing can be very dangerous. If using chroot, make sure that
# the user does not have write access to the top level directory within the
# chroot)
#chroot_local_user=YES
#chroot_list_enable=YES
# (default follows)
#chroot_list_file=/etc/vsftpd.chroot_list
#
# You may activate the "-R" option to the builtin ls. This is disabled by
# default to avoid remote users being able to cause excessive I/O on large
# sites. However, some broken FTP clients such as "ncftp" and "mirror" assume
# the presence of the "-R" option, so there is a strong case for enabling it.
#ls_recurse_enable=YES
#
# Customization
#
# Some of vsftpd's settings don't fit the filesystem layout by
# default.
#
# This option should be the name of a directory which is empty.Also, the
# directory should not be writable by the ftp user. This directory is used
# as a secure chroot() jail at times vsftpd does not require filesystem
# access.
secure_chroot_dir=/var/run/vsftpd/empty
#
# This string is the name of the PAM service vsftpd will use.
pam_service_name=vsftpd
#
# This option specifies the location of the RSA certificate to use for SSL
# encrypted connections.
rsa_cert_file=/etc/ssl/certs/ssl-cert-snakeoil.pem
# This option specifies the location of the RSA key to use for SSL
# encrypted connections.
rsa_private_key_file=/etc/ssl/private/ssl-cert-snakeoil.key
修改后的配置文件
# Example config file /etc/vsftpd.conf
#
# The default compiled in settings are fairly paranoid. This sample file
# loosens things up a bit, to make the ftp daemon more usable.
# Please see vsftpd.conf.5 for all compiled in defaults.
#
# READ THIS: This example file is NOT an exhaustive list of vsftpd options.
# Please read the vsftpd.conf.5 manual page to get a full idea of vsftpd's
# capabilities.
#
#
# Run standalone?vsftpd can run either from an inetd or as a standalone
# daemon started from an initscript.
listen=YES
#
# Run standalone with IPv6?
# Like the listen parameter, except vsftpd will listen on an IPv6 socket
# instead of an IPv4 one. This parameter and the listen parameter are mutually
# exclusive.
#listen_ipv6=YES
#
# Allow anonymous FTP? (Disabled by default)
anonymous_enable=NO
#
# Uncomment this to allow local users to log in.
local_enable=YES
#
# Uncomment this to enable any form of FTP write command.
write_enable=YES
#
# Default umask for local users is 077. You may wish to change this to 022,
# if your users expect that (022 is used by most other ftpd's)
#local_umask=022
#
# Uncomment this to allow the anonymous FTP user to upload files. This only
# has an effect if the above global write enable is activated. Also, you will
# obviously need to create a directory writable by the FTP user.
#anon_upload_enable=YES
#
# Uncomment this if you want the anonymous FTP user to be able to create
# new directories.
#anon_mkdir_write_enable=YES
#
# Activate directory messages - messages given to remote users when they
# go into a certain directory.
dirmessage_enable=YES
#
# If enabled, vsftpd will display directory listings with the time
# inyourlocaltimezone.The default is to display GMT. The
# times returned by the MDTM FTP command are also affected by this
# option.
use_localtime=YES
#
# Activate logging of uploads/downloads.
xferlog_enable=YES
#
# Make sure PORT transfer connections originate from port 20 (ftp-data).
connect_from_port_20=YES
#
# If you want, you can arrange for uploaded anonymous files to be owned by
# a different user. Note! Using "root" for uploaded files is not
# recommended!
#chown_uploads=YES
#chown_username=whoever
#
# You may override where the log file goes if you like. The default is shown
# below.
#xferlog_file=/var/log/vsftpd.log
#
# If you want, you can have your log file in standard ftpd xferlog format.
# Note that the default log file location is /var/log/xferlog in this case.
#xferlog_std_format=YES
#
# You may change the default value for timing out an idle session.
#idle_session_timeout=600
#
# You may change the default value for timing out a data connection.
#data_connection_timeout=120
#
# It is recommended that you define on your system a unique user which the
# ftp server can use as a totally isolated and unprivileged user.
#nopriv_user=ftpsecure
#
# Enable this and the server will recognise asynchronous ABOR requests. Not
# recommended for security (the code is non-trivial). Not enabling it,
# however, may confuse older FTP clients.
#async_abor_enable=YES
#
# By default the server will pretend to allow ASCII mode but in fact ignore
# the request. Turn on the below options to have the server actually do ASCII
# mangling on files when in ASCII mode.
# Beware that on some FTP servers, ASCII support allows a denial of service
# attack (DoS) via the command "SIZE /big/file" in ASCII mode. vsftpd
# predicted this attack and has always been safe, reporting the size of the
# raw file.
# ASCII mangling is a horrible feature of the protocol.
#ascii_upload_enable=YES
#ascii_download_enable=YES
#
# You may fully customise the login banner string:
#ftpd_banner=Welcome to blah FTP service.
#
# You may specify a file of disallowed anonymous e-mail addresses. Apparently
# useful for combatting certain DoS attacks.
#deny_email_enable=YES
# (default follows)
#banned_email_file=/etc/vsftpd.banned_emails
#
# You may restrict local users to their home directories.See the FAQ for
# the possible risks in this before using chroot_local_user or
# chroot_list_enable below.
#chroot_local_user=YES
#
# You may specify an explicit list of local users to chroot() to their home
# directory. If chroot_local_user is YES, then this list becomes a list of
# users to NOT chroot().
# (Warning! chroot'ing can be very dangerous. If using chroot, make sure that
# the user does not have write access to the top level directory within the
# chroot)
#chroot_local_user=YES
#chroot_list_enable=YES
# (default follows)
#chroot_list_file=/etc/vsftpd.chroot_list
#
# You may activate the "-R" option to the builtin ls. This is disabled by
# default to avoid remote users being able to cause excessive I/O on large
# sites. However, some broken FTP clients such as "ncftp" and "mirror" assume
# the presence of the "-R" option, so there is a strong case for enabling it.
#ls_recurse_enable=YES
#
# Customization
#
# Some of vsftpd's settings don't fit the filesystem layout by
# default.
#
# This option should be the name of a directory which is empty.Also, the
# directory should not be writable by the ftp user. This directory is used
# as a secure chroot() jail at times vsftpd does not require filesystem
# access.
secure_chroot_dir=/var/run/vsftpd/empty
#
# This string is the name of the PAM service vsftpd will use.
pam_service_name=vsftpd
#
# This option specifies the location of the RSA certificate to use for SSL
# encrypted connections.
rsa_cert_file=/etc/ssl/certs/ssl-cert-snakeoil.pem
# This option specifies the location of the RSA key to use for SSL
# encrypted connections.
rsa_private_key_file=/etc/ssl/private/ssl-cert-snakeoil.key
local_root=/home/ftp
03、创建 ftpuser 用户、设置ftpuser 用户密码、设置 FTP 根目录
root:# useradd -d /home/ftp -m ftpuser
root:# passwd ftpuser
输入新的 UNIX 密码：
重新输入新的 UNIX 密码：
passwd：已成功更新密码
root:#
04、修改 FTP 根目录权限，创建目录测试是否正常
root:# chmod -R 777 /home/ftp
root:# mkdir /home/ftp/data
root:#
05、修改 vsftpd 配置文件
可修正用 useradd 创建帐号，登录 FTP 出现 530 login incorrect
root:# vi /etc/pam.d/vsftpd
修改前的配置文件
# Standard behaviour for ftpd(8).
auth required pam_listfile.so item=user sense=deny file=/etc/ftpusers onerr=succeed
# Note: vsftpd handles anonymous logins on its own. Do not enable pam_ftp.so.
# Standard pam includes
@include common-account
@include common-session
@include common-auth
auth required pam_shells.so
修改后的配置文件
# Standard behaviour for ftpd(8).
auth required pam_listfile.so item=user sense=deny file=/etc/ftpusers onerr=succeed
# Note: vsftpd handles anonymous logins on its own. Do not enable pam_ftp.so.
# Standard pam includes
@include common-account
@include common-session
@include common-auth
#auth required pam_shells.so
06、重启 vsftpd 服务
root:# service vsftpd restart
vsftpd stop/waiting
vsftpd start/running, process 4862
root:#
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