在 Ubuntu Server 14.04 下安装 Nginx 1.4.6
在 Ubuntu Server 14.04 下安装 Nginx 1.4.6Nginx ("engine x") 是高性能 HTTP、反向代理服务器，也是 IMAP/POP3/SMTP 代理服务器。 Nginx 是由 Igor Sysoev 为俄罗斯访问量第二的 Rambler.ru 站点开发的，第一公开版本 0.1.0 发布于 2004 年 10 月 4 日。源代码以BSD-like 许可证的形式发布，因其稳定性、丰富功能集、示例配置文件、低系统资源消耗而闻名。2011 年 6 月 1 日，nginx 1.0.4 发布。
其特点是：占有内存少、并发能力强。事实上，nginx 的并发能力确实在同类型网页服务器中表现较好，中国大陆使用 nginx 网站用户有：新浪、网易、腾讯等。
1、安装 Nginx
apt-get install nginx
2、在 FireFox 或 IE 浏览器中键入 http://localhost/ 或 http://127.0.0.1/ (或服务器 IP 地址)；若出现 “Welcome to nginx!” 信息，说明安装成功：
Welcome to nginx!
If you see this page, the nginx web server is successfully installed andworking. Further configuration is required.
For online documentation and support please refer to nginx.org.
Commercial support is available at nginx.com.
Thank you for using nginx.
3、编辑 Nginx 配置文件
vi /etc/nginx/sites-available/default
修改前的配置文件内容：
# You may add here your
# server {
# ...
# }
# statements for each of your virtual hosts to this file
##
# You should look at the following URL's in order to grasp a solid understanding
# of Nginx configuration files in order to fully unleash the power of Nginx.
# http://wiki.nginx.org/Pitfalls
# http://wiki.nginx.org/QuickStart
# http://wiki.nginx.org/Configuration
#
# Generally, you will want to move this file somewhere, and start with a clean
# file but keep this around for reference. Or just disable in sites-enabled.
#
# Please see /usr/share/doc/nginx-doc/examples/ for more detailed examples.
##
server { #设定虚拟主机，默认为监听 80 端口，改成其他端口会出现问题
listen 80 default_server;
listen [::]:80 default_server ipv6only=on;
root /usr/share/nginx/html; #定义服务器默认网站根目录位置
index index.html index.htm; #定义首页索引文件名称
# Make site accessible from http://localhost/
server_name localhost; #域名可以有多个，使用空格分隔
location / { #默认请求
# First attempt to serve request as file, then
# as directory, then fall back to displaying a 404.
try_files $uri $uri/ =404;
# Uncomment to enable naxsi on this location
# include /etc/nginx/naxsi.rules
}
# Only for nginx-naxsi used with nginx-naxsi-ui : process denied requests
#location /RequestDenied {
# proxy_pass http://127.0.0.1:8080;
#}
#error_page 404 /404.html;
# redirect server error pages to the static page /50x.html
#
#error_page 500 502 503 504 /50x.html;
#location = /50x.html { #定义错误提示页面
# root /usr/share/nginx/html;
#}
# pass the PHP scripts to FastCGI server listening on 127.0.0.1:9000
#
#location ~ \.php$ { #PHP 脚本请求全部转发到 FastCGI 处理. 使用 FastCGI 默认配置
# fastcgi_split_path_info ^(.+\.php)(/.+)$;
# # NOTE: You should have "cgi.fix_pathinfo = 0;" in php.ini
#
# # With php5-cgi alone:
# fastcgi_pass 127.0.0.1:9000;
# # With php5-fpm:
# fastcgi_pass unix:/var/run/php5-fpm.sock;
# fastcgi_index index.php;
# include fastcgi_params;
#}
# deny access to .htaccess files, if Apache's document root
# concurs with nginx's one
#
#location ~ /\.ht { #禁止访问 .htaccess 文件
# deny all;
#}
}
# another virtual host using mix of IP-, name-, and port-based configuration
#
#server {
# listen 8000;
# listen somename:8080;
# server_name somename alias another.alias;
# root html;
# index index.html index.htm;
#
# location / {
# try_files $uri $uri/ =404;
# }
#}
# HTTPS server
#
#server {
# listen 443;
# server_name localhost;
#
# root html;
# index index.html index.htm;
#
# ssl on;
# ssl_certificate cert.pem;
# ssl_certificate_key cert.key;
#
# ssl_session_timeout 5m;
#
# ssl_protocols SSLv3 TLSv1 TLSv1.1 TLSv1.2;
# ssl_ciphers "HIGH:!aNULL:!MD5 or HIGH:!aNULL:!MD5:!3DES";
# ssl_prefer_server_ciphers on;
#
# location / {
# try_files $uri $uri/ =404;
# }
#}
修改后的配置文件内容：
# You may add here your
# server {
# ...
# }
# statements for each of your virtual hosts to this file
##
# You should look at the following URL's in order to grasp a solid understanding
# of Nginx configuration files in order to fully unleash the power of Nginx.
# http://wiki.nginx.org/Pitfalls
# http://wiki.nginx.org/QuickStart
# http://wiki.nginx.org/Configuration
#
# Generally, you will want to move this file somewhere, and start with a clean
# file but keep this around for reference. Or just disable in sites-enabled.
#
# Please see /usr/share/doc/nginx-doc/examples/ for more detailed examples.
##
server { #设定虚拟主机，默认为监听 80 端口，改成其他端口会出现问题
listen 80 default_server;
listen [::]:80 default_server ipv6only=on;
root /usr/share/nginx/html; #定义服务器默认网站根目录位置
index index.html index.htm; #定义首页索引文件名称
# Make site accessible from http://localhost/
server_name localhost; #域名可以有多个，使用空格分隔
location /{ #默认请求
# First attempt to serve request as file, then
# as directory, then fall back to displaying a 404.
try_files $uri $uri/ =404;
# Uncomment to enable naxsi on this location
# include /etc/nginx/naxsi.rules
}
#图片缓存时间设置
location ~.*/\.(jpg|jpeg|png|gif|swf)$
{
expires 30d;
}
location ~.*/\.(js|css)?$; #JS 和 CSS 缓存时间设置
{
expires 1h;
}
# Only for nginx-naxsi used with nginx-naxsi-ui : process denied requests
#location /RequestDenied {
# proxy_pass http://127.0.0.1:8080;
#}
#error_page 404 /404.html;
# redirect server error pages to the static page /50x.html
#
#error_page 500 502 503 504 /50x.html;
#location = /50x.html { # 定义错误提示页面
# root /usr/share/nginx/html;
#}
# pass the PHP scripts to FastCGI server listening on 127.0.0.1:9000
#
#location ~ \.php$ { #PHP 脚本请求全部转发到 FastCGI 处理. 使用 FastCGI 默认配置
# fastcgi_split_path_info ^(.+\.php)(/.+)$;
# # NOTE: You should have "cgi.fix_pathinfo = 0;" in php.ini
#
# # With php5-cgi alone:
# fastcgi_pass 127.0.0.1:9000;
# # With php5-fpm:
# fastcgi_pass unix:/var/run/php5-fpm.sock;
# fastcgi_index index.php;
# include fastcgi_params;
#}
# deny access to .htaccess files, if Apache's document root
# concurs with nginx's one
#
#location ~ /\.ht{ #禁止访问 .htaccess 文件
# deny all;
#}
}
# another virtual host using mix of IP-, name-, and port-based configuration
#
#server {
# listen 8000;
# listen somename:8080;
# server_name somename alias another.alias;
# root html;
# index index.html index.htm;
#
# location / {
# try_files $uri $uri/ =404;
# }
#}
# HTTPS server
#
#server {
# listen 443;
# server_name localhost;
#
# root html;
# index index.html index.htm;
#
# ssl on;
# ssl_certificate cert.pem;
# ssl_certificate_key cert.key;
#
# ssl_session_timeout 5m;
#
# ssl_protocols SSLv3 TLSv1 TLSv1.1 TLSv1.2;
# ssl_ciphers "HIGH:!aNULL:!MD5 or HIGH:!aNULL:!MD5:!3DES";
# ssl_prefer_server_ciphers on;
#
# location / {
# try_files $uri $uri/ =404;
# }
#}
4、重载、测试 Nginx 配置文件
root:# /usr/sbin/nginx -s reload (或 service nginx reload)
root:# /usr/sbin/nginx -t
nginx: the configuration file /etc/nginx/nginx.conf syntax is ok
nginx: configuration file /etc/nginx/nginx.conf test is successful
root:#
5、重启 Nginx
root:# /etc/init.d/nginx restart
* Restarting nginx nginx [ OK ]
root:#
6、发布您的网站
将您网站带有 index.html 文件的目录下的所有文件、目录上传到 /var/www 目录下
7、浏览网站
在 FireFox 或 IE 浏览器中键入 http://localhost/ 或 http://127.0.0.1/(或服务器 IP 地址)，浏览您的网站；
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